It has been mined in the Lower Greensand Group and the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire. In the United Kingdom, fuller's earth occurs mainly in England. In 1939 mines near Quincy produced half the U.S. The first discovery of fuller's earth in the United States was near Quincy, Florida, in 1893 previously it was imported from England. Fuller's earth deposits have been mined in 24 states. In the United States fuller's earth is typically derived from deposits of volcanic ash of Cretaceous age and younger (glacial clays do not form fuller's earth). In 2005, the United States was the largest producer of fuller's earth with an almost 70% world share followed at a distance by Japan and Mexico. In some localities fuller's earth refers to calcium bentonite, which is altered volcanic ash composed mostly of montmorillonite. Small amounts of other minerals may be present in fuller's earth deposits, including calcite, dolomite, and quartz. Common components are montmorillonite, kaolinite, and attapulgite. The name comes from the city of Multan, in modern-day Pakistan, the area of its origin.įuller's earth consists primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates (clay minerals) of varying composition. 'clay of Multan'), widely used in the Indian subcontinent in cosmetics. Whitening clay, particularly when used to treat facial pigmentation, such as melasma.Bleaching clay, probably because fulling whitened the cloth.įuller's earth is also known by the following other names: Fuller's earth is the most common spelling today, but both fullers earth and fullers' earth remain in wide use. The original spelling was without an apostrophe, but the apostrophe became more common in the 19th century, both before or after the s. In past centuries, fullers kneaded fuller's earth and water into woollen cloth to absorb lanolin, oils, and other greasy impurities as part of the cloth finishing process. The English name reflects the historic use of the material for fulling (cleaning and shrinking) wool, by textile workers known as fullers. It also has a number of uses in the film industry and on stage. Minor uses include filtering, clarifying, and decolorizing as an active and inactive ingredient in beauty products and as a filler in paint, plaster, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. Primary modern uses include as absorbents for oil, grease, and animal waste (cat litter), and as a carrier for pesticides and fertilizers. Products labeled Fuller's earth typically consist of palygorskite ( attapulgite) or bentonite. Any clay material that can decolorise oil or other liquidsĪ sample of Fuller's earth in its raw state from Pakistanįuller's earth is a term for various clays used as an absorbent, filter, or bleaching agent.
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